Growth in height and body proportion from birth to adulthood in hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: a retrospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Patients with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets are short and disproportionate and very little information is available on segmental growth, but the body disproportion at adulthood leads us to think that the growth velocity of legs is slower. METHODS: A total of 96 children were included and molecular testing was carried out in 42. Children who reached adult height were classified into two groups according to their compliance to conventional treatment (phosphate supplement and calcitriol). Individual growth records of height and sitting height/height were plotted using Argentine reference data in 96 children and growth curves were estimated by fitting Preece-Baines Model 1 in 19 of the children. RESULTS: Molecular testing revealed sequence deleterious alterations or large deletions in 36/42 patients. During childhood, 76% of children grew below - 1.88 standard deviation score (SDS) and 97% had body disproportion. During adolescence, the mean peak height velocity for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups was 7.8 (0.6) and 5.4 (0.4) cm/year in boys and 7.0 (0.7) and 5.2 (0.8) cm/year in girls, respectively. At adulthood, the median sitting height/height ratio was 2.32 and 6.21 SDS for the good and poor compliance to treatment groups, respectively. The mean pubertal growth spurt of the trunk was -0.8 (1.4) SDS, with a short pubertal growth spurt of - 1.8 (0.4) SDS for limbs in the good compliance group. Median adult height in 13/29 males and 30/67 females was -4.56 and -3.16 SDS, respectively. CONCLUSION: For all patients the growth spurt was slower, secondary to a short growth spurt of limbs, reaching a short adult height with body disproportion that was more prominent in the poor compliance group.

Paratiroidectomía subtotal: último recurso en el tratamiento de hiperparatiroidismo secundario en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica / Subtotal parathyroidectomy: last resource in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease

El fracaso del tratamiento médico del HPTs hace necesario la utilización de una solución más agresiva. La paratiroidectomía subtotal (PTXs) ha sido efectiva en el control de los niveles de PTH para disminuir las complicaciones derivadas de su secreción descontrolada: astenia, dolores y deformidades óseas y calcificaciones vasculares que serán finalmente responsables de la muerte por trastornos cardiacos en edades tempranas de los pacientes renales crónicos. Se describe la eficiencia de la ecografía y centellografía con sestamibi para la correcta ubicación, número y tamaño de las glándulas paratiroideas y la determinación del descenso del nivel de PTH intraquirúrgico como factor predictor del éxito quirúrgico (AU)

Failure of medical management of hyperparathyroidism has warranted a more aggressive solution. Subtotal parathyroidectomy (sPTX) has been effective in the control of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels decreasing complications related to uncontrolled secretion: asthenia, bone pain and deformities, and vascular calcifications leading to death due to early heart disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here we describe the efficiency of ultrasonography and sestamibi whole body scan for the precise location and evaluation of number and size of the parathyroid glands and determination of the intraoperative decrease of PTH levels as a predictive factor for surgical success (AU)

Estimación del intervalo de referencia de calcio, fósforo y fosfatasa alcalina séricos en población pediátrica utilizando una base de datos por el método de Hoffmann modificado / Determination of the reference interval of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in the pediatric population using a data base and the modified Hoffman method

Las concentraciones de calcio (Ca), fósforo (P) y fosfatasa alcalina sérica (FAL) son extensamente evaluados en pediatría. La aplicación del procedimiento recomendado por la International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) para evaluar FAL en el equipo Cobas 501 de Roche, requirió de una reevaluación del Intervalo de referencia (IR) en nuestra población pediátrica. El método indirecto de Hoffmann con la modificaciones propuestas por Katayev et al. provee un mecanismo para estimar IR en poblaciones de difícil estudio como la pediátrica. A partir de trabajar con nuestra base de datos nos propusimos fijar IR para Ca., P, y FAL discriminados por edad y sexo (en el caso de la FAL) en nuestra población pediátrica. Se utilizaron los resultados de un año de la base de datos del hospital de sujetos entre 0 y 18 años El total de los sujetos analizados fue de 13.906 pacientes para Calcio 14.790 para fósforo y 6.333 para FAL. En FAL encontramos dimorfismo sexual en los grupos de 7 a 9, 10 a 12, 13 a 15 y 16 a 18 años con una diferencia significativa (p<0,0001). Los IR fueron calculados con los procedimientos recomendados por edad y género, los analitos Ca y P no presentaron diferencias por sexo y las diferencias por edad no fueron significativas aunque sí resultaron útiles para fijar los rangos frente a la FAL. El método de Hoffmann modificado es útil para la evaluación de poblaciones con dificultades para su estudio como la pediátrica (AU)

Serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels are broadly assessed in pediatrics. The procedure recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) for measuring AP in the Cobas 501 of Roche required reassessment of the reference interval (RI) in our pediatric population. The indirect method of Hoffmann with modifications proposed by Katayev et al. provides a mechanism to estimate the RI in difficult-to-study populations, such as children. Based on our data base, we aimed at determining the RI for Ca, P, and AP divided by age and sex (in the case of AP) in our pediatric population. One-year results of the hospital data base of subjects between 0 and 18 years of age were used. A total of 13.906 patients were analyzed for Ca, 14,790 for Ph, and 6,333 for AP. For AP sexual dimorphism was found in the age groups 7 to 9, 10 to 12, 13 to 15, and 16 to 18 years with a significant difference (p<0.0001). RIs were calculated with recommendations for age and sex. The analytes Ca and P did not show differences according to age, and differences according to sex were not significant although they were useful to determine ranges relative to AP. The modified Hoffmann method is useful in the evaluation of difficult-to-study populations, such as children (AU)

Pseudohipoparatiroidismo en niños, Manifestaciones clínicas e implicancias del tratamiento / Pseudohypoparathyroidism in childhood. Clinical manifestations and implications of treatment

El pseudohipoparatiroidismo es una enfermedad hereditaria caracterizada por presentar resistencia a la hormona paratiroidea que se manifiesta por hipocalcemia, hiperfosfatemia y niveles elevados de PTH. Los pacientes pueden presentar características fenotípicas de osteodistrofia hereditaria de Albright y tener asociadas otras resistencias hormonales. En este trabajo se analizan las características clínicas y bioquímicas de 13 niños afectados de la enfermedad, como así también la implicancia del tratamiento. El diagnóstico temprano, la detección oportuna de resistencias hormonales asociadas y el control periódico de los pacientes, son de relevancia para promover el crecimiento y disminuir las secuelas de la hipocalcemia (AU)

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is an hereditary disease characterized by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia due to parathyroid hormone resistance. Patients may have the association of other endocrine resistances and physical characteristics termed Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. We present here 13 patients with PHP, their clinic and biological signs, and the implication of the treatment. Early diagnosis, the study of other hormone resistances, and periodic control of the patients, are mandatory to promote a correct growth and decrease the consequences of hypocalcemia in these patients (AU)

X-linked recessive torsion dystonia in the Philippines.

The occurrence of an X-linked form of torsion dystonia in the Philippines was demonstrated by the genetic and biochemical analysis of affected males and their relatives. Thirty-six affected males were ascertained in 21 families by clinical neurologic evaluation. The mean age-of-onset of dystonia was 37.9 years with a range from 12 to 52 years. Neurologic symptoms began focally and progressed to either segmental or generalized involvement in all cases. Generalized dystonia developed in 78% of the patients after a mean duration of 6.8 years from the onset of symptoms. A family history of dystonia was elicited in 17 of the 21 kindreds, accounting for a total of 64 males and one possibly affected female, distributed among 224 individuals in 33 sibships. In 18 of the 33 sibships, 2 or more brothers reportedly had dystonia. There were 12 kindreds with a history of multigenerational dystonia. In those, only males of maternal ancestry were affected, and in 7 of these families, maternal grandfathers reportedly had dystonia. There were no instances of male-to-male transmission. Cytogenetic analysis did not show any X chromosome abnormalities in 4 affected propositi. Several secondary causes of torsion dystonia were excluded, including Wilson disease, aminoacidopathies, organic acidurias, oligosaccharidoses, and chronic hexosaminidase A and B deficiency. These findings substantiate the existence of an X-linked recessive form of primary torsion dystonia.

Patterns of familial transmission of HBV and the risk of developing liver cancer: a case-control study in the Philippines.

The present case-control study was carried out in the Philippines to determine the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to different HBV serological profiles of parents and sibs of HCC cases and controls. The HBV serological profiles of parents and sibs of 33 patients with HCC were compared with those of 2 types of community control: 33 general population controls matched for sex and age (C1 controls) and 33 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers also matched for sex and age (C2 controls). When cases were compared with C1 controls, increased risks were associated with the fact of having an HBsAg-positive mother (RR = 2.5, 95% C1 = 0.4-26.3) and older sibs positive for HBsAg (RR = 2.0, 95% C1 = 0.5-9.1), but the increased risk was not statistically significant. However, a significantly increased risk was associated with the fact of having a mother (95% C1 = 3.5-infinity) or father (RR = 11, 95% C1 = 1.6-473) who had been exposed to HBV. On the other hand, when cases were compared with C2 controls, a non-significant 2-fold increase was associated with the fact of having an HBsAg-positive mother, but no differences were observed in the HBV serological profiles of their fathers and older sibs. These results suggest that, in the Philippines, the fact of having a mother or father who has been infected in the past with HBV increases the risk of developing HCC but that the contribution of the mother to this increase in risk is not as important as hitherto believed.

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus in the Philippines.

Hepatitis B virus markers were studied in 2,842 Philippine rural subjects from four villages in 1979-1982. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and all markers for hepatitis B virus averaged 12% and 58%, respectively, in these rural populations. It is estimated that five million Filipinos are HBsAg positive. The rural age-specific HBsAg prevalence shows an "early peak" (in persons 3-4-years-old) in two communities and a "late peak" (in persons 30-40-years-old) in the other two communities. Family studies suggest that the prevalence of HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) among parents of the young children in an "early peak" and a "late peak" village cannot fully account for the difference in the patterns of prevalence of all markers, or the HBsAg marker. Horizontal intrafamilial and extrafamilial transmission may also be significant. Further research is needed on risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection.

Torsion dystonia in Panay, Philippines.

There is an unusually high frequency of torsion dystonia in Panay. Of the 28 Filipino cases, 23 (82%) are from the island of Panay and 19 of the 23 (82%) are from the province of Capiz. The 28 cases belong to 25 families Six sets of brothers are noted. All are males. Pedigree analysis reveals six families with several members affected. Two families show features suggesting possible sex-linked recessive transmission, a mode of inheritance previously undescribed in the literature. The clinical features of the cases seen in this series differ from previously described cases in the literature in several aspects: (a) sex preponderance--all males; (b) age at onset--older age of onset, mean of 31; (c) hereditary--possible sex-linked recessive transmission; (d) spasmodic eye blinking as first symptom in four patients.